I had similar massive issues trying to get the Epic launcher to work under wine. That launcher is truly a failure of epic proportions.
I found that the pirated copies of Satisfactory bypass the Epic launcher entirely by executing FactoryGame-Win64-Shipping.exe directly from inside the win64 folder with the "-EpicPortal" switch.
Until there is a Linux version of Satisfactory of course there's no point for me to buy the official version, so I don't know if this solution for the official game.
For what it's worth, my run.sh consists of:
wine64 FactoryGame-Win64-Shipping.exe -EpicPortal -vulcan 2>/dev/null
Yes, it works. Yes there are graphical glitches (world lighting is the biggest issue as when facing south everything is so dark its hard to see). Yes it runs like mud (the -vulcan switch helps, a lot). Yes, you can only play offline since the EpicFail Launcher is not running. Yes, you will clone yourself every time you load your save. Yes, your inventory will be stuck on the old clone so get a personal storage box asap.